*helphelp.txt*	For Vim version 9.1.  Last change: 2025 Dec 02


		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL	  by Bram Moolenaar


Help on help files					*helphelp*

1. Help commands		|online-help|
2. Translated help files	|help-translated|
3. Writing help files		|help-writing|

==============================================================================
1. Help commands					*online-help*

			*help* *<Help>* *:h* *:help* *<F1>* *i_<F1>* *i_<Help>*
<Help>		or
:h[elp]			Open a window and display the help file in read-only
			mode.  If there is a help window open already, use
			that one.  Otherwise, if the current window uses the
			full width of the screen or is at least 80 characters
			wide, the help window will appear just above the
			current window.  Otherwise the new window is put at
			the very top.
			The 'helplang' option is used to select a language, if
			the main help file is available in several languages.

						*{subject}* *E149* *E661*
:h[elp] {subject}	Like ":help", additionally jump to the tag {subject}.
			For example:  >
				:help options

<			{subject} can include wildcards such as "*", "?" and
			"[a-z]":
			   :help z?	jump to help for any "z" command
			   :help z.	jump to the help for "z."
			But when a tag exists it is taken literally:
			   :help :?	jump to help for ":?"

			If there is no full match for the pattern, or there
			are several matches, the "best" match will be used.
			A sophisticated algorithm is used to decide which
			match is better than another one.  These items are
			considered in the computation:
			- A match with same case is much better than a match
			  with different case.
			- A match that starts after a non-alphanumeric
			  character is better than a match in the middle of a
			  word.
			- A match at or near the beginning of the tag is
			  better than a match further on.
			- The more alphanumeric characters match, the better.
			- The shorter the length of the match, the better.

			The 'helplang' option is used to select a language, if
			the {subject} is available in several languages.
			To find a tag in a specific language, append "@ab",
			where "ab" is the two-letter language code.  See
			|help-translated|.

			Note that the longer the {subject} you give, the less
			matches will be found.  You can get an idea how this
			all works by using commandline completion (type CTRL-D
			after ":help subject" |c_CTRL-D|).
			If there are several matches, you can have them listed
			by hitting CTRL-D.  Example: >
				:help cont<Ctrl-D>

<			Instead of typing ":help CTRL-V" to search for help
			for CTRL-V you can type: >
				:help ^V
<			This also works together with other characters, for
			example to find help for CTRL-V in Insert mode: >
				:help i^V
<
			It is also possible to first do ":help" and then
			use ":tag {pattern}" in the help window.  The
			":tnext" command can then be used to jump to other
			matches, "tselect" to list matches and choose one. >
				:help index
				:tselect /.*mode

<			When there is no argument you will see matches for
			"help", to avoid listing all possible matches (that
			would be very slow).
			The number of matches displayed is limited to 300.

			The `:help` command can be followed by '|' and another
			command, but you don't need to escape the '|' inside a
			help command.  So these both work: >
				:help |
				:help k| only
<			Note that a space before the '|' is seen as part of
			the ":help" argument.
			You can also use <NL> or <CR> to separate the help
			command from a following command.  You need to type
			CTRL-V first to insert the <NL> or <CR>.  Example: >
				:help so<C-V><CR>only

:h[elp]! [subject]	Like ":help", but in non-English help files prefer to
			find a tag in a file with the same language as the
			current file.  See |help-translated|.

							*:helpc* *:helpclose*
:helpc[lose]		Close one help window, if there is one.
			Vim will try to restore the window layout (including
			cursor position) to the same layout it was before
			opening the help window initially.  This might cause
			triggering several autocommands.

							*:helpg* *:helpgrep*
:helpg[rep] {pattern}[@xx]
			Search all help text files and make a list of lines
			in which {pattern} matches.  Jumps to the first match.
			The optional [@xx] specifies that only matches in the
			"xx" language are to be found.
			You can navigate through the matches with the
			|quickfix| commands, e.g., |:cnext| to jump to the
			next one.  Or use |:cwindow| to get the list of
			matches in the quickfix window.
			{pattern} is used as a Vim regexp |pattern|.
			'ignorecase' is not used, add "\c" to ignore case.
			Example for case sensitive search: >
				:helpgrep Uganda
<			Example for case ignoring search: >
				:helpgrep uganda\c
<			Example for searching in French help: >
				:helpgrep backspace@fr
<			The pattern does not support line breaks, it must
			match within one line.  You can use |:grep| instead,
			but then you need to get the list of help files in a
			complicated way.
			Cannot be followed by another command, everything is
			used as part of the pattern.  But you can use
			|:execute| when needed.
			Compressed help files will not be searched (Fedora
			compresses the help files).

							*:lh* *:lhelpgrep*
:lh[elpgrep] {pattern}[@xx]
			Same as ":helpgrep", except the location list is used
			instead of the quickfix list.  If the help window is
			already opened, then the location list for that window
			is used.  Otherwise, a new help window is opened and
			the location list for that window is set.  The
			location list for the current window is not changed
			then.

							*:exu* *:exusage*
:exu[sage]		Show help on Ex commands.  Added to simulate the Nvi
			command.

							*:viu* *:viusage*
:viu[sage]		Show help on Normal mode commands.  Added to simulate
			the Nvi command.

When no argument is given to |:help| the file given with the 'helpfile' option
will be opened.  Otherwise the specified tag is searched for in all "doc/tags"
files in the directories specified in the 'runtimepath' option.

The initial height of the help window can be set with the 'helpheight' option
(default 20).

If you want to open help on {subject} in the current window, the helpcurwin
optional package can be used.  See |package-helpcurwin|.

						*help-buffer-options*
When the help buffer is created, several local options are set to make sure
the help text is displayed as it was intended:
    'iskeyword'		nearly all ASCII chars except ' ', '*', '"' and '|'
    'foldmethod'	"manual"
    'tabstop'		8
    'arabic'		off
    'binary'		off
    'buflisted'		off
    'cursorbind'	off
    'diff'		off
    'foldenable'	off
    'list'		off
    'modifiable'	off
    'number'		off
    'relativenumber'	off
    'rightleft'		off
    'scrollbind'	off
    'spell'		off

Jump to specific subjects by using tags.  This can be done in two ways:
- Use the "CTRL-]" command while standing on the name of a command or option.
  This only works when the tag is a keyword.  "<C-Leftmouse>" and
  "g<LeftMouse>" work just like "CTRL-]".
- use the ":ta {subject}" command.  This also works with non-keyword
  characters.

Use CTRL-T or CTRL-O to jump back.
Use ":q" to close the help window.

If there are several matches for an item you are looking for, this is how you
can jump to each one of them:
1. Open a help window
2. Use the ":tag" command with a slash prepended to the tag.  E.g.: >
	:tag /min
3. Use ":tnext" to jump to the next matching tag.

It is possible to add help files for plugins and other items.  You don't need
to change the distributed help files for that.  See |add-local-help|.

To write a local help file, see |write-local-help|.

Note that the title lines from the local help files are automagically added to
the "LOCAL ADDITIONS" section in the "help.txt" help file |local-additions|.
This is done when viewing the file in Vim, the file itself is not changed.  It
is done by going through all help files and obtaining the first line of each
file.  The files in $VIMRUNTIME/doc are skipped.

							*help-xterm-window*
If you want to have the help in another xterm window, you could use this
command: >
	:!xterm -e vim +help &
<

			*:helpfind* *:helpf*
:helpf[ind]		Like |:help|, but use a dialog to enter the argument.
			Only for backwards compatibility.  It now executes the
			ToolBar.FindHelp menu entry instead of using a builtin
			dialog.  {only when compiled with |+GUI_GTK|}

					*:helpt* *:helptags*
				*E150* *E151* *E152* *E153* *E154* *E670*
:helpt[ags] [++t] {dir}
			Generate the help tags file(s) for directory {dir}.
			When {dir} is ALL then all "doc" directories in
			'runtimepath' will be used.

			All "*.txt" and "*.??x" files in the directory and
			sub-directories are scanned for a help tag definition
			in between stars.  The "*.??x" files are for
			translated docs, they generate the "tags-??" file, see
			|help-translated|.  The generated tags files are
			sorted.
			When there are duplicates an error message is given.
			An existing tags file is silently overwritten.

			The optional "++t" argument forces adding the
			"help-tags" tag.  This is also done when the {dir} is
			equal to $VIMRUNTIME/doc.

			To rebuild the help tags in the runtime directory
			(requires write permission there): >
				:helptags $VIMRUNTIME/doc
<
		*:HelpToc* *help-TOC* *help-toc-install* *package-helptoc*

If you want to access an interactive table of contents, from any position in
the file, you can use the helptoc plugin.  Load the plugin with: >vim

    packadd helptoc
<
					*HelpToc-mappings*
Then you can use the `:HelpToc` command to open a popup menu.
The latter supports the following normal commands: >

	key | effect
	----+---------------------------------------------------------
	c   | select nearest entry from cursor position in main buffer
	g   | select first entry
	G   | select last entry
	H   | collapse one level
	j   | select next entry
	J   | same as j, and jump to corresponding line in main buffer
	k   | select previous entry
	K   | same as k, and jump to corresponding line in main buffer
	L   | expand one level
	p   | print current entry on command-line

	P   | same as p but automatically, whenever selection changes
	    | press multiple times to toggle feature on/off

	q   | quit menu
	s   | split window, and jump to selected entry
	z   | redraw menu with current entry at center
	+   | increase width of popup menu
	-   | decrease width of popup menu
	?   | show/hide a help window
	/   | search for pattern

	<C-D>      | scroll down half a page
	<C-U>      | scroll up half a page
	<PageUp>   | scroll down a whole page
	<PageDown> | scroll up a whole page
	<Home>     | select first entry
	<End>      | select last entry

The plugin can also provide a table of contents in buffers of the following
filetypes: asciidoc, html, man, markdown, tex, vim, and xhtml.  In addition
it also provide a table of contents for a terminal buffer, which produces
entries that are the past executed shell commands.  To find those, by default,
the following pattern is used: >

	^\w\+@\w\+:\f\+\$\s

This is meant to match a default bash prompt.  If it doesn't match your
prompt, you can change the regex with the `shell_prompt` key from the
`g:helptoc` dictionary variable: >

	let g:helptoc = {'shell_prompt': 'regex matching your shell prompt'}

Tip: After inserting a pattern to look for with the `/` command, if you press
<Esc> instead of <CR>, you can then get more context for each remaining entry
by pressing `J` or `K`.

Refer to |helptoc.txt| for more details about helptoc, particularly about
using it with filetypes other than help, and configuring its options.
Note:  You need to `packadd helptoc` before you can jump to |helptoc.txt|.

==============================================================================
2. Translated help files				*help-translated*

It is possible to add translated help files, next to the original English help
files.  Vim will search for all help in "doc" directories in 'runtimepath'.
This is only available when compiled with the |+multi_lang| feature.

At this moment translations are available for:
	Chinese  - multiple authors
	French   - translated by David Blanchet
	Italian  - translated by Antonio Colombo
	Japanese - multiple authors
	Polish   - translated by Mikolaj Machowski
	Russian  - translated by Vassily Ragosin
See the Vim website to find them: http://www.vim.org/translations.php

A set of translated help files consists of these files:

	help.abx
	howto.abx
	...
	tags-ab

"ab" is the two-letter language code.  Thus for Italian the names are:

	help.itx
	howto.itx
	...
	tags-it

The 'helplang' option can be set to the preferred language(s).  The default is
set according to the environment.  Vim will first try to find a matching tag
in the preferred language(s).  English is used when it cannot be found.

To find a tag in a specific language, append "@ab" to a tag, where "ab" is the
two-letter language code.  Example: >
	:he user-manual@it
	:he user-manual@en
The first one finds the Italian user manual, even when 'helplang' is empty.
The second one finds the English user manual, even when 'helplang' is set to
"it".

When using command-line completion for the ":help" command, the "@en"
extension is only shown when a tag exists for multiple languages.  When the
tag only exists for English "@en" is omitted.  When the first candidate has an
"@ab" extension and it matches the first language in 'helplang' "@ab" is also
omitted.

When using |CTRL-]| or ":help!" in a non-English help file Vim will try to
find the tag in the same language.  If not found then 'helplang' will be used
to select a language.

Help files must use latin1 or utf-8 encoding.  Vim assumes the encoding is
utf-8 when finding non-ASCII characters in the first line.  Thus you must
translate the header with "For Vim version".

The same encoding must be used for the help files of one language in one
directory.  You can use a different encoding for different languages and use
a different encoding for help files of the same language but in a different
directory.

Hints for translators:
- Do not translate the tags.  This makes it possible to use 'helplang' to
  specify the preferred language.  You may add new tags in your language.
- When you do not translate a part of a file, add tags to the English version,
  using the "tag@en" notation.
- Make a package with all the files and the tags file available for download.
  Users can drop it in one of the "doc" directories and start use it.
  Report to the development team, so they can add a link on www.vim.org.
- Use the |:helptags| command to generate the tags files.  It will find all
  languages in the specified directory.

==============================================================================
3. Writing help files					*help-writing*

For ease of use, a Vim help file for a plugin should follow the format of the
standard Vim help files, except for the first line.  If you are writing a new
help file it's best to copy one of the existing files and use it as a
template.

Vim help files generally use 2 spaces after a sentence (since they are written
using a fixed-width font and that was the preferred style in the 70s/80s),
like what is described here: https://english.stackexchange.com/a/2602

The first line in a help file should have the following format:

*plugin_name.txt*	{short description of the plugin}

The first field is a help tag where ":help plugin_name" will jump to.  The
remainder of the line, after a Tab, describes the plugin purpose in a short
way.  This will show up in the "LOCAL ADDITIONS" section of the main help
file.  Check there that it shows up properly: |local-additions|.

If you want to add a version number or last modification date, put it in the
second line, right aligned.

At the bottom of the help file, place a Vim modeline to set the 'textwidth'
and 'tabstop' options and the 'filetype' to "help".  Never set a global option
in such a modeline, that can have undesired consequences.


STYLE

If your Vim has 'modeline' enabled, Vim should follow the preferred style
automatically when editing built-in help files.

Vim help files should be formatted for a 'textwidth' of 78 characters, so they
look good in a typical 80 x 24 terminal window.

Use two spaces between the final dot of a sentence of the first letter of the
next sentence.  Like this.

Use tab characters for aligning content, with a 'tabstop' setting of 8.
This also helps reduce the file size.

Always use |:retab| after you have finished editing.  Don't blindly use
|:retab!|, always review what will be changed to avoid unwanted changes.


TAGS

To define a help tag, place the name between asterisks ("*tag-name*").  The
tag-name should be different from all the Vim help tag names and ideally
should begin with the name of the Vim plugin.  The tag name is usually right
aligned on a line.

When referring to an existing help tag and to create a hot-link, place the
name between two bars (|) eg. |help-writing|.

When referring to a Vim command and to create a hot-link, place the
name between two backticks, eg. inside `:filetype`.  You will see this is
highlighted as a command, like a code block (see below).

When referring to a Vim option in the help file, place the option name between
two single quotes, eg. 'statusline'


HIGHLIGHTING

To define a column heading, use a tilde character at the end of the line.
This will highlight the column heading in a different color.  E.g.

Column heading~

To separate sections in a help file, place a series of '=' characters in a
line starting from the first column.  The section separator line is
highlighted differently.

To quote a block of ex-commands verbatim, place a greater than (>) character
at the end of the line before the block and a less than (<) character as the
first non-blank on a line following the block.  Any line starting in column 1
also implicitly stops the block of ex-commands before it.  E.g. >

	function Example_Func()
	  echo "Example"
	endfunction
<
To enable syntax highlighting for a block of code, place a language name
annotation (e.g. "vim") after a greater than (>) character.  E.g. >vim

	function Example_Func()
	  echo "Example"
	endfunction
<
						*g:help_example_languages*
By default, help files only support Vim script highlighting.  If you need
syntax highlighting for other languages, add to your |vimrc|: >
	:let g:help_example_languages = #{
	      \	vim: "vim", vim9: "vim", bash: "sh" }
The key represents the annotation marker name, and the value is the 'syntax'
name.

Note: If you do not include "vim" in "g:help_example_languages", its syntax
highlighting will not be enabled.  If you set "g:help_example_languages" to an
empty value, syntax highlighting for embedded languages will be disabled.

Further note: Including arbitrary syntax languages into help files may not
always work perfectly, if the included 'syntax' script does not account for
such an import.
						*help-notation*
The following are highlighted differently in a Vim help file:
  - a special key name expressed either in <> notation as in <PageDown>, or
    as a Ctrl character as in CTRL-X
  - anything between {braces}, e.g. {lhs} and {rhs}

The word "Note", "Notes" and similar automagically receive distinctive
highlighting.  So do these:
	*Todo	something to do
	*Error	something wrong

You can find the details in $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/help.vim


FILETYPE COMPLETION					*ft-help-omni*

To get completion for help tags when writing a tag reference, you can use the
|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O| command.


GENDER NEUTRAL LANGUAGE
						*gender-neutral* *inclusion*
Vim is for everybody, no matter race, gender or anything.  For new or updated
help text, gender neutral language is recommended.  Some of the help text is
many years old and there is no need to change it.  We do not make any
assumptions about the gender of the user, no matter how the text is phrased.
The goal is that the reader understands how Vim works, the exact wording is
secondary.

Many online technical style guides include sections about gender neutral
language.  Here are a few: >

	https://developers.google.com/style/pronouns
	https://techwhirl.com/gender-neutral-technical-writing/
	https://www.skillsyouneed.com/write/gender-neutral-language.html
	https://ualr.edu/writingcenter/avoid-sexist-language/
<
Note: gender neutral language does not require using singular "they".

 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl:
