usermod(8)

НАЗВА
usermod - зміна облікового запису користувача

КОРОТКИЙ ОГЛЯД

usermod [options] LOGIN

ОПИС

The usermod command modifies the system account files.

ПАРАМЕТРИ

The options which apply to the usermod command are:

-a, --append
    Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.

-b, --badname
    Дозволити назви, які не відповідають стандартам.

-c, --comment COMMENT
    update the comment field of the user in /etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the chfn(1) utility.

-d, --home HOME_DIR
    Новий каталог користувача для облікового запису входу до системи.

    If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created.

-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
    Specifies the date on which the user account will be disabled. The value can be specified as a date in the YYYY-MM-DD format or as a number of days since 1970-01-01. The date is interpreted using the UTC timezone.

    An input of -1 or an empty string blanks the account expiration field in the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no expiration date.

    This option requires the /etc/shadow file. If no entry exists in the /etc/shadow file, the system will automatically create one.

-f, --inactive INACTIVE
    Defines the number of days after a password exceeds its maximum age during which the user can still log in by immediately changing their password. If the user does not change their password within this period of time, their account becomes inactive. This value is stored in the shadow password file.

    A value of 0 disables the account when the password expires, with no delay.

    A value of -1 empties the respective field in the shadow password file, which means that the inactivity period is not enforced.

    This option requires the /etc/shadow file. If no entry exist in the /etc/shadow file, the system will automatically create one.

-g, --gid GROUP
    Назва або числовий ідентифікатор нової основної групи користувача. Група має існувати.

    Власником будь-якого файла з домашнього каталогу користувача, власником якого була попередня основна група користувача, буде ця нова група.

    Права власності на файли поза домашнім каталогом користувача має бути виправлено вручну.

    The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as /.

-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
    Список допоміжних груп, учасником яких є користувач. Записи у списку слід відокремлювати комами, без проміжного пробілу. Групи мають існувати.

    If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list.

-l, --login NEW_LOGIN
    The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.

-L, --lock
    Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with -p or -U.

    Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1.

-m, --move-home
    Пересуває вміст домашнього каталогу користувача у нове місце. Якщо поточного домашнього каталогу не існує, буде створено новий домашній каталог.

    This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.

    usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.

-o, --non-unique
    Дозволяє зміну ідентифікатора користувача на неунікальне значення.

    This option is only valid in combination with the -u option. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID.

-p, --password PASSWORD
    defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by crypt (3).

    Note: Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes.

    The password will be written in the local /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM configuration.

    Вам слід переконатися, що пароль відповідає правилам складання паролів системи.

-r, --remove
    Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.

-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
    Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are supported. No SELINUX support.

-P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR
    Apply changes within the directory tree starting with PREFIX_DIR and use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support.

-s, --shell SHELL
    changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL empties the field in /etc/passwd and logs the user into the system's default shell.

-u, --uid UID
    Нове значення ідентифікатора користувача.

    This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative.

    Ідентифікатори користувача файла поштової скриньки користувача і усіх файлів, власником яких є користувач і які зберігаються у домашньому каталозі користувача, буде змінено автоматично.

    Права власності на файли поза домашнім каталогом користувача має бути виправлено вручну.

    The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as /.

    No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX from /etc/login.defs.

-U, --unlock
    Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with -p or -L.

    Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd).

-v, --add-subuids FIRST-LAST
    Додати діапазон підлеглих UID до облікового запису користувача.

    Цей параметр можна вказувати декілька разів у одній команді, щоб додати декілька діапазонів до облікового запису користувача.

    No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

-V, --del-subuids FIRST-LAST
    Вилучити діапазон підлеглих UID з облікового запису користувача.

    This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account. When both --del-subuids and --add-subuids are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.

    No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

-w, --add-subgids FIRST-LAST
    Додати діапазон підлеглих GID до облікового запису користувача.

    Цей параметр можна вказувати декілька разів у одній команді, щоб додати декілька діапазонів до облікового запису користувача.

    No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

-W, --del-subgids FIRST-LAST
    Вилучити діапазон підлеглих GID з облікового запису користувача.

    This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account. When both --del-subgids and --add-subgids are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.

    No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

-Z, --selinux-user SEUSER
    defines the SELinux user to be mapped with LOGIN. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that.

--selinux-range SERANGE
    defines the SELinux MLS range for the new account. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-range, it uses semanage(8) for that.

    This option is only valid if the -Z (or --selinux-user) option is specified.

ЗАСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ

You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. usermod checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in.

You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually.

Вам слід внести усі зміни щодо NIS на сервері NIS.

НАЛАШТУВАННЯ

The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:

LASTLOG_UID_MAX (number)
    Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them.

    No LASTLOG_UID_MAX option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries.

MAIL_DIR (string)
    The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, a compile-time default is used. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in /etc/default/useradd determines whether the mail spool should be created.

MAIL_FILE (string)
    Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home directory.

The MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables are used by useradd, usermod, and userdel to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool.

MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
    Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).

    The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.

    This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.

    If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.

    Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it.

SUB_GID_MIN (number), SUB_GID_MAX (number), SUB_GID_COUNT (number)
    If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate SUB_GID_COUNT unused group IDs from the range SUB_GID_MIN to SUB_GID_MAX for each new user.

    The default values for SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, SUB_GID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.

SUB_UID_MIN (number), SUB_UID_MAX (number), SUB_UID_COUNT (number)
    If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate SUB_UID_COUNT unused user IDs from the range SUB_UID_MIN to SUB_UID_MAX for each new user.

    The default values for SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, SUB_UID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.

ФАЙЛИ

/etc/group
    Відомості щодо груп облікових записів

/etc/gshadow
    Secure group account information

/etc/login.defs
    Налаштування комплексу для роботи з прихованими паролями

/etc/passwd
    Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача

/etc/shadow
    Відомості щодо захищених облікових записів користувачів

/etc/subgid
    Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих груп

/etc/subuid
    Окремі для користувачів ідентифікатори підлеглих користувачів

ДИВ. ТАКОЖ

chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), crypt(3), gpasswd(8), groupadd(8), groupdel(8), groupmod(8), login.defs(5), subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8), userdel(8).